Neutralize, counteract, negative are comparable when they mean to make something inoperative or ineffective usually by means of an opposite force, influence, or effect.
Neutralize implies an equalizing, making ineffectual or inoperative, or nullifying by an opposing force, power, agency, or effect.
Counteract may imply merely neutralizing or counterbalancing; it is often used in situations in which the good and bad or the beneficial and deleterious are opposed.
Negative implies an annulling, a contradicting, a making futile, useless, or ineffective, or a vitiating by an opposing force, effect, or trend.