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Difference between Know on which side one’s bread is buttered and Know which way the wind blows

know on which side one’s bread is buttered—know where one’s interest lies:

  • The judges know on which side their bread was buttered. They would strain a point in favor of the highest political opinion of the day.

Cf.: butter one’s bread on both sides—be in very comfortable circumstances; be well provided for:

  • He’s got marble floors in there, crystal figurines on the shelves…. Like we say at home, he butters his bread on both sides.

Note: The expression is not antonymous in meaning to the phrase not know which end is up—be utterly confused:

  • I didn’t know which end was up when I first entered the classroom and I had every problem one could imagine…

know which way the wind blowsunderstand what is happening in changing circumstances:

  • I will say this for the Pharmaceutical Association, they know which way the wind blows, recognizing an opportunity when they see one.